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Looking for a smoother ride and improved fuel economy in your next car? Then you may want to consider a vehicle with a continuously variable transmission (CVT). Thanks to some crafty engineering, you may never have to experience “Shift Shock” again. Here’s how a CVT delivers that smooth driving experience.
HOW IT WORKS
Imagine the CVT like a bicycle’s gear system. It’s made up of a pulley system, with cones at each pulley, all connected by a chain belt. These cones move closer together or further apart to increase or decrease the diameter at which the belt operates. The ratio here is important, and is selected automatically based on factors like gas pedal position, vehicle speed and engine speed. What all this means is that a CVT doesn’t shift at all like a traditional gearbox. The ratios are always changing in order to find the perfect combination for speed, fuel efficiency or both. Some CVTs even come with buttons to help shift between pre-set ratios which helps mimic a traditional automatic. The first time you drive a car with a CVT, you’ll know.
The feel of a CVT can be odd. The rpm of the engine can fluctuate a lot while driving, especially when accelerating. Or when accelerating hard, they’ll just sit unchanged at a lofty rpm level while the car pulls forward. Compared to an automatic or manual transmission, a CVT is much smoother. Feeling like one really long gear, in reality its a nearly infinite collection of gears all meshed together.
CLEAR BENEFITS
Many cars nowadays are being sold with CVTs instead of traditional automatics, mainly because of their efficiency. In fact, the new 2013 Nissan Altima (above, read our review here) uses a CVT transmission and is rated as the most fuel efficient mid-size sedan on the market with a 38 mpg highway rating. In addition, almost all hybrids use CVT transmissions, including the Prius, helping maximize fuel economy.
While drawbacks in terms of responsiveness are usually noted by driving “enthusiasts”, Continuously Variable Transmissions have one key advantage over their automatic and manual counterparts. When driving up hills, where traditional automatics can struggle, a CVT can seamlessly provide power without shifting. Even-speed hill driving can prove to be a tough endeavour for novice manual transmission drivers. We actually praised the CVT in the Scion iQ (read our review here) for delivering exactly this sort of responsiveness on the hills in San Francisco, despite a tiny 1.3-liter engine and just 94 hp. Nissan has been selling cars with CVTs for quite some time now, and has had considerable success introducing the new transmission type into the market.
According to Steve Yaeger, from Nissan North America, “With coming CAFE and CO2 emissions regulations requiring better fuel economy and lower emissions, the CVT gives the Nissan lineup an attractive alternative to conventional automatics that is more efficient on both fronts.”
NOISY, AND WHAT ABOUT RELIABILITY?
Still, CVTs are having a tough time breaking into the market. It turns out that many drivers don’t like the loud and strange noise of their car’s engine revving wildly. Many drivers liken the sound, and the feeling, to that of a slipping clutch. Additionally, CVTs are usually less likely to be paired with higher horsepower, or higher torque engines.
Lastly, not all CVTs are well equipped to deal with towing. Additionally, the reliability of the modern CVT has yet to be tested. The Nissan Murano (seen above) was the first car Nissan offered with only a CVT, and it had some pretty serious problems. Some were so bad that the whole transmission had to be replaced.
However, since then, Nissan has extended the warranty of the transmission to 10 years/120,000 miles. That should help alleviate any fear buyers may have over the reliability of getting a car with a CVT. If you enjoy revving your car to its redline, and feeling the thrust as your car shifts, then maybe a CVT isn’t for you at all. For those types, you may want to try your hand at a Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) if you want to have a sporty feel and keep an automatic. Otherwise, the CVT is a fine choice in the world of economical cars. Many hybrid vehicles use a form of CVT to get such high mile per gallon numbers. It’s good with fuel, and smooth. Sorry about the noise though, but you might just get used to it.
KNOW WHAT YOU WANT
In summary, there are a few advantages to getting a vehicle with a CVT: It’s good on gas, gives a relatively smooth ride, and is versatile enough for daily driving. It also has a few drawbacks. It’s nowhere near as fun or engaging as a dual clutch automatic or manual transmission. It can also make quite a racket when accelerating hard. Keep these points in mind when looking at your next car. A CVT can help make or break the purchase, so be sure to know what you want, and how the transmission plays a part in it.
Filed under: Featured Articles Nissan Subaru Technology Tips and Advice Toyota
Tags: Continiously Terrible Transmission, continuously variable transmissions, CVT, dual clutch transmission, Featured Tips and Advice, Home Page Top Features, lineartronic, Nissan CVT, What is a CVT?, Xtronic
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Guest
I know this article is written for the non car guy but you seriously need to address the fact that not all CVT are the same. The ype you describe is but on variety. Note that the Prius models have a planetary type CVT which by all accounts are way more reliable if not fuel efficient than a band type CVT.
peter Ng
I did rent a Nissan Altima Hybrid 2009 for a week from Bay Area to LA and back with CVT. IT worked quite good for 4 cylinder engine when we were a climb mountain near LA. It worked a lot better than what I expected in LA freeway driving and hill climbing in San Francisco. For good driver with stick shift who can do plan ahead with the right gear. CVT may not be as precise and good. For ordinary guy, daily going to work car, will be perfect as long as it is reliable.Not as good for toys, pretty good for appliance.
280Benz
Subaru uses a CVT on the Legacy, Outback and Impreza models with automatic transmission. I drove one the other day and it was great. The fuel economy is very good and the acceleration is smooth.
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Thanks to some crafty engineering, you may never have to experience “Shift Shock” again. Here’s how a CVT delivers that smooth driving experience.
Dndold
I have a 2008 Nissan Sentra SER and had the CVT transmission replaced at 107K under warranty, and now 17k more miles it needs another one…not under waranty (only good for 12K miles!) and at a cost of nearly $4000 So I would say **** NO
Guest
The transmission on my 2008 Nissan Sentra went out in 2010 at 65,000 miles, losing all power while I was on the freeway. Very scary scenario. Found out they’d just extended the warranty from 60,000 to 120,000 miles, so they replaced my transmission for free, though I had to pay for my own hotel (was out of town) and miss a day of work. Now, at 121,000 miles, the check engine light came on and dealer says the transmission is about to take a dump again. Opening a case with Nissan Consumer Affairs to see what they’ll do. Otherwise, I’m told it’ll be nearly $3,800 to repair. I second Dndold and would NOT recommend a CVT transmission.
